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Tiny Microrobots to Deliver Clot-busting Drugs

The core challenge in treating an acute ischemic stroke is a race against time and geography. Clot-busting drugs must reach the affected brain vessel quickly to be effective, but a major obstacle is the potential for severe side effects, primarily internal bleeding, which limits the dosage we can safely administer throughout the entire body. However… a revolutionary technological advancement from researchers at ETH Zurich is set to change this paradigm. Scientists there have developed a pioneering magnet-controlled microrobot system that can swim through blood vessels and deliver medication precisely to the site of a stroke-related clot.

The technology is as futuristic as it sounds. The ‘microrobots’ are, in fact, tiny, spherical capsules. The innovative design of these capsules is key to their function. They possess a dissolvable gel shell that encases both the crucial therapeutic medication and tiny magnetic nanoparticles. To track them, they also contain a contrast agent visible under X-ray imaging.

The genius of this system lies in its guidance mechanism. Doctors can use an external magnetic field to steer these micro-swimmers through the body’s complex and fast-flowing network of blood vessels. Researchers have demonstrated remarkable precision in lab tests, successfully guiding the capsules with a success rate of over 95%, even against the force of blood flow. This steerability allows specialists to navigate the tricky vascular maze of the brain to the exact location of the clot.

Once the microrobot reaches its destination, the final step is a precise release of the drug. The external magnetic field is adjusted to a high frequency, which causes the magnetic nanoparticles inside the capsule to heat up. This heat is enough to dissolve the gel shell, releasing the concentrated medication directly onto the clot. This highly localised delivery method ensures maximum effectiveness against the blockage while minimising the risk of systemic side effects, such as dangerous internal bleeding.

The potential impact of this technology is vast. It opens the door to treating difficult-to-reach clots in the brain and could make current stroke therapies significantly safer and more effective. The ETH Zurich team has already conducted successful trials in realistic artificial vessel models and large animals like pigs and sheep, with plans to move to human clinical trials as soon as possible.


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