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• Assistive mode: For patients with very little to no movement, the exoskeleton fully supports the limb and helps the patient perform the desired motion.
• Assist-as-needed (AAN) mode: As the patient recovers some motor function, the device detects their initial movement intention and provides support only when needed to complete the task.
• Corrective mode: This mode provides force to gently guide the limb back toward the correct trajectory if the patient’s movement deviates from the desired path.
• Resistive mode: For patients with significant motor recovery, the exoskeleton can provide resistance to help them regain strength and better control their movements.

A new glove-based system that uses functional electrical stimulation (FES) to activate individual fingers could offer a more effective way to support hand rehabilitation in people recovering from stroke or spinal cord injuries.

The FESGlove delivers targeted electrical stimulation to specific hand muscles and nerves, offering greater selectivity than many current systems, which often cause unintended finger movements by stimulating larger forearm muscles. The device features 10 independent stimulation channels and combines silver fiber and hydrogel electrodes within a stretchable glove. Users can adjust settings like frequency, current amplitude, and pulse width to suit different needs.

The FESGlove isn’t just for a clinical setting—they can be used at home, allowing for longer, more frequent, and more convenient rehabilitation sessions. The benefits include:

• Improved dexterity: With targeted stimulation, users can practice fine motor skills needed for tasks such as grasping small objects.
• Increased muscle strength: Repetitive, functional movements performed with the glove help rebuild strength in weakened hand muscles.
• Reduced spasticity: The technology has been shown to reduce muscle tone and spasticity, especially in the wrist, which can interfere with movement.
• Enhanced independence and quality of life: By enabling users to perform daily activities with greater ease, FESGlove could restore confidence and significantly improve quality of life.
• Motivation for therapy: For many users, being able to perform tasks they haven’t been able to do for years provides powerful motivation to continue with their therapy.

Developed by researchers at the University of Bath and Shanghai Jiao Tong University (and published in the journal Neuroelectronics in June 2025) , the glove was designed to overcome limitations in traditional rehabilitation techniques that often fail to restore the fine motor control needed for tasks like buttoning a shirt or typing. The research team sees the FESGlove as a potential platform that could eventually be integrated with brain-computer interfaces and other advanced neurorehabilitation tools.

A quick warning: FES treatment is not for everyone. They are most effective when the nerve pathways between the spinal cord and the hand muscles are still intact. Contraindications include having a pacemaker, defibrillator, or uncontrolled epilepsy. As with any medical device, consultation with a healthcare professional is necessary to determine suitability.

Recent news in stroke rehabilitation highlights advancements like using retro video games for cognitive and motor recovery, new wearable robotic devices to assist with arm and leg movement, and high-intensity walking programs showing promise for improving mobility and quality of life in early stroke patients.

Additionally, new non-invasive techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation are being investigated for their potential to enhance motor and language skills.

Retro Video Games: researchers in Sydney are using retro video games like “Foot Tetris” and “Space Invaders” to make rehabilitation fun and effective, helping patients with balance, cognitive reaction times, and complex stepping manoeuvres.

Wearable Robots & Devices: startups and universities are developing wearable robots and connected systems for ankle, foot, and upper limb rehabilitation. These devices, some with embedded electrodes, help retrain the brain and muscle connection by detecting muscle activation and stimulating nerves.

Neurostimulation: clinics and universities are researching non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), to improve motor and language recovery after a stroke.

Your blood type plays a role in more than just transfusions. Recent research suggests it may also influence your risk of developing certain health conditions, including stroke. While it’s not the only factor that matters, understanding the connection between blood type and stroke risk can give you a clearer picture of your overall health.

People with blood type A may face a slightly higher risk of early-onset ischemic stroke. A study published in 2022 in the journal Neurology analyzed genetic data from over 16,000 stroke patients and nearly 600,000 controls. The researchers found that individuals with type A blood were 16% more likely to experience a stroke before the age of 60 compared to those with other types. One reason may involve clotting. People with type A blood tend to have higher levels of a protein called von Willebrand factor, which helps blood clot. While this is important for healing, it can also increase the risk of clot formation in blood vessels, potentially leading to a stroke.

Though type AB is the rarest blood type, some research suggests it may carry one of the highest stroke risks. A 2014 study from the University of Vermont found that individuals with type AB blood had an 83% higher risk of stroke. Furthermore, a protein known as Factor VIII, which plays a role in blood clotting, was determined to account for 60% of the association between type AB blood and stroke risk. The combination of A and B antigens as well as higher clotting factor levels may influence inflammation, vascular function, and the likelihood of blood clots, leading to a heightened stroke risk.

The evidence for blood type B and stroke is less consistent. According to a 2023 meta-analysis that examined 145,000 stroke cases and 2,000,000 controls, there is no significant association between blood type B and ischemic stroke. Other smaller studies have found mixed results, with only weak associations between blood type B and stroke risk..

If you have blood type O, the research is a bit more reassuring. Multiple studies have found that people with type O blood generally have a lower risk of developing blood clots and by extension, a lower risk of ischemic stroke. According to the 2022 study mentioned above, those with type O blood were 12% less likely to experience an early-onset stroke compared to those with other blood types. People with type O blood typically have lower levels of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII, both of which play a role in clotting. While this can lead to slower clotting in injuries, it also seems to provide some protection against unwanted clots in the arteries.

One of the more interesting findings from recent research is that the connection between blood type and stroke risk may be stronger in younger adults. The 2022 Neurology study found that the difference in stroke risk based on blood type was more pronounced in people under 60. This may be because in older adults, other factors, like high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes, play a more dominant role in stroke risk. In younger individuals, genetic and biological differences such as blood type may stand out more clearly.

A new research initiative aims to lay the foundation for the country’s first genetic screening programme for brain aneurysms—potentially reshaping how the NHS identifies and manages a life-threatening but often overlooked condition that can devastate families for generations.

The ROAR-DNA Project, a UK-based multicentre research project bringing together researchers from University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust (UHS) and the University of Southampton, is the first study of its kind and scale to investigate the genetic markers that may predispose people to develop brain aneurysms.

Brain aneurysms are balloon-like swellings in blood vessels of the brain, found in approximately 3 per cent of the UK population, that’s over 2 million people. While most aneurysms remain stable and harmless, around 1 in 100 will rupture, usually without warning, causing a subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)—a type of stroke that can be fatal or severely disabling.

In the UK, an estimated 3,000 to 5,000 people experience a brain aneurysm rupture each year, with around half of these cases proving fatal.

Most aneurysms are sporadic, meaning they are one-off events, but there is evidence of a strong genetic component to the development of intracranial (brain) aneurysms. They often run in families with over 16 per cent of patients with an aneurysm having an affected parent or sibling.

Despite this significant data, no genetic screening programme currently exists, and little is known about the genes that impact aneurysm growth and rupture.

The UK four-year ROAR-DNA Project aims to close that gap by collecting and analysing genetic data from 6,000 patients with brain aneurysms, comparing this against data from patients without brain aneurysms, working in tandem with the existing ROAR Study, which is already tracking over 20,000 patients across the NHS—the largest study of its kind globally.

If think your driving might be affected by stroke, a Driving Mobility centre can give you individual advice. They can tell you if you need to inform the DVLA (or DVA in Northern Ireland), who may arrange a driving assessment and support with going back to driving.

You also have to tell your motor insurance company if you have had a stroke or TIA. If you don’t, your insurance might be invalid. If you drive without insurance, you can be fined or lose your licence.

See the DVLA stroke guidance online or contact DVLA medical enquiries on 0300 790 6806 for advice about the process. Motorists in Northern Ireland can call the DVA on 0300 200 7861 for advice.