
How to set-up your ARNI Re-training programme
An update of ‘where we are’ as far with stem cell therapy for stroke survivors
- Mesenchymal stem cells
- Neural stem cells
- Bone marrow mononuclear cells
- Embryonic stem cells
- Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells
- Cell differentiation and replacement
- Immunomodulation
- Neural circuit reconstruction
- Release of protective factors
- No significant reduction in neurological deficit (NIHSS score) in acute or subacute stroke
- Some benefit observed in chronic stroke patients, but clinical significance unclear
- No statistically significant reduction in mortality rates
- Cell type selection
- Dosing regimens
- Delivery routes (IV vs. intra-arterial)
- Timing of administration
- Translation challenges from bench to bedside:
- Conflicting results between preclinical and clinical studies
- Mechanisms of action not fully understood
- Limited therapeutic window in most clinical trials
ARNI in Budapest – physio and stroke survivor groups on course last weekend
The 3 day annual Hungarian Specialist ARNI Stroke Rehabilitation Course for 18 physiotherapists and Rehab Training for stroke survivors which took place last weekend in Budapest! A huge well done and thank you to all involved, particularly Mrs. Gabi Pasztor, our Senior ARNI Associate Instructor and International Development Officer. Dr Tom delivered the course virtually this time: this was our 6th 3-day course in as many years.
Can a brain-controlled computer game help stroke survivors recover upper-limb movement?
Hope for Stroke Survivors: No such thing as a fixed time window

This superb graph created by ARNI supporter Professor Peter Langhorne for his excellent journal article in The Lancet (also shown in Dr Balchin’ ‘Had a Stroke’, Now What’) shows that a fixed therapeutic time window of 3/6 months doesn’t necessarily exist – this is proof that you can show all the naysayers.
This is ‘hope in a graph’ as far as I’m concerned – it means that there is no real “end” to recovery and that you CAN continue to recover and do better in terms of action control after many years have passed as long as you continue to stretch to keep muscles long/pliable, do as many ADLs as possible and do at least one ‘Rehabby Hobby’ as Dr Tom calls it.
His main intensive ‘rehabby hobby’ was DJing. You can read about exactly how he used this in ‘Had a Stroke’, Now What’ and can get ideas about other hobbies which challenge the paretic upper limb to the max ![]()
Get your GP to refer you to the high-dose upper-limb rehab protocol at Queen Square, UCL

Instructors & therapists on the specialist ARNI Functional Rehab after Stroke accreditation listening to lead physiotherapist Fran Brander at the Institute of Neurology at Queen Square (UCL) discussing the high-dose high-intensity upper-limb rehabilitation protocol for people with chronic stroke at Queen Square: read more at BMJ Open
Only half of stroke survivors in Scotland actually get access to appropriate acute treatment

Data from Public Health Scotland (PHS) shows 11,341 people had a final diagnosis of a stroke in 2024, compared to 11,137 in the previous year. But only HALF of these people actually got access to the appropriate treatment they needed.
Such measures include giving patients aspirin and transferring quickly to specialist wards: vital to ensure the best chance of survival and recovery.
The Scottish government responded yesterday that it is investing £52m in stroke care and is working with health boards to drive up standards of local treatment.
The UK government plans to roll out AI use across the NHS stroke care pathway
Stroke patients at an English hospital are getting quicker diagnoses with artificial intelligence that gives consultants instant access to brain scan images. The system in Russells Hall Hospital in Dudley introduced RapidAI to speed up triage – prioritising patients by urgency – by sending scans directly to consultants’ mobile phones.
The technology speeds up the triage process by providing instant access to diagnostic imaging, accompanied by preliminary reports for clinicians to quickly verify and act upon – significantly improving response times and outcomes.
The technology also flags suspected strokes in patients that may not show traditional clinical signs, such as speech problems or a droopy face or eye.
It means patients can receive potentially life-saving treatments earlier.
Since its introduction at Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, patients have been diagnosed within 40–60 minutes – up to an hour faster than without the technology. When it comes to strokes, obviously every second counts. We’re told that the government plans to roll out AI use across the NHS as part of a 10-year shift from analogue to digital systems.

